Western Literature(Week 8 ) 單字筆記

Topic : The Aeneid


1.propaganda (n.)
/prɑpəˋgændə/
information or ideas that are spread by an organized group or government to influence people’s opinions, esp. by not giving all the facts or by secretly emphasizing only one way of looking at the facts

2.exile (v.)
/ˋɛksaɪl/
to send or keep someone away from his or her own country or home, esp. for political reasons

3.ripe (adj.)
/raɪp/
A ripe old age is a very old age

My grandmother lived to the ripe old age of 95.

4.torture (v.)
/ˋtɔrtʃɚ/
an injury or severe mental pain

All drivers suffer the tortures of traffic and bad weather.

5.suitor (n.)
/ˋsutɚ/
a man who wants a particular woman to agree to marry him

Western Literature(Week 8 ) 上課筆記

Topic : The Aeneid


1. movie : The Odyssey

2.  Textbook

(1)Nymph 在森林水邊遊走的女神

(2)The kingdom of the Dead 冥府

(3)Virgil →literature epic ; Odyssey → oral epic

(4)Dido (Queen of Carthage) 

     Dido was, according to ancient Greek and Roman sources, the founder and first Queen of Carthage. She is best known from the account given by the Roman poet Virgil in his Aeneid. In some sources she is also known as Elissa.

(5)書名要underline!

(6)Ithaca

    Modern Ithaca is generally identified with Homer's Ithaca, the home of Odysseus, whose delayed return to the island is one of the elements of the Odyssey's plot.

(7)Oresteia
a. The Murder Of Agamemnon

(8)Athena → sparkling eyed

    Polyphemus → one eye god

    sea god → the earthquake god

    Athena → bright-eyed goddess

    Menelaus → the red-haired king

(9)Inferno

a. Inferno(Dante)

    Inferno is the first part of Dante Alighieri's 14th-century epic poem Divine Comedy. It is followed by Purgatorio and Paradiso. It is an allegory telling of the journey of Dante through Hell, guided by the Roman poet Virgil.

b.Inferno (Dan Brown)

(10)Persephone
    In Greek mythology, Persephone, also called Kore , is the daughter of Zeus and the harvest-goddess Demeter, and queen of the underworld.

Western Literature(Week ７ ) 單字筆記

Topic : Virgil, The Aeneid

1.flashback (n.)
[ˋflæʃ͵bæk]
a memory, or a short part of a movie, story, or play describing past events

This party is like a ’70s flashback.

2.metaphor (n.)
/ˋmɛtəfɚ/
an expression, often found in literature, that describes a person or object by referring to something that is considered to have similar characteristics to that person or object

The mind is an ocean' and 'the city is a jungle' are both metaphors.

3.pyre (n.)
/ˋpaɪr]/
a large pile of wood on which a dead body is burned in some parts of the world

A traditional Hindu custom used to involve widows burning themselves alive on their husbands' funeral pyres.

4.Pyrex (n.)
/ˋpaɪrɛks/
a type of glass that is used to make containers for cooking because it does not break when it is heated

5.foreshadow (v.)
/forˋʃædo/
to act as a warning or sign of a future event

The recent outbreak of violence was foreshadowed by isolated incidents in the cityearlier this year.

Western Literature(Week 7 ) 上課筆記

Topic : Virgil, The Aeneid

1. Textbook

(1)Achilles → strong, swift , and godlike (p.199)

(2)Priam → old and godlike (p.200 )
(3)Hector's wife → Andromache

(4)Hector's mother →  Hecuba

(5)期中考解釋名詞

a. in medias res

    in medias res is the literary and artisticnarrative technique of relating a story from the midpoint, rather than the beginning . In an in medias res narrative, the story opens with dramatic action rather than exposition setting up the characters and situation.

    In medias res often, though not always, entails subsequent use of flashback and nonlinear narrative for exposition of earlier events in order to fill in the backstory. For example, in Homer's Odyssey.

b. homeric epithet
    Usually called an epithet or an Homeric epithet, but sometimes called an Homeric epitaph, it is one of the most noticeable features of Homer's Iliad and Odyssey. It is a tag or nickname that can be used on its own or together with the real name, depending on other features of the Greek language.

ex. swift footed → Achilles

c. homeric simile
    Homeric simile, also called an epic simile is a detailed comparison in the form of a simile that is many lines in length. The word "Homeric" is based on the Greek author, Homer, who composed the two famous Greek epics, the Iliad and the Odyssey.

d. evocation
    Evocation is the act of calling or summoning a spirit, demon, god or other supernatural agent, in the Western mystery tradition.

e. flashback
    Flashback is an interjected scene that takes the narrative back in time from the current point the story has reached.Flashbacks are often used to recount events that happened before the story's primary sequence of events to fill in crucial backstory.

(6)My love is Like a Red , Red Rose !

                                     by Robert Burns

My love is like a red red rose

That’s newly sprung in June;

My love is like the melodie

That’s sweetly play’d in tune.

So fair art thou, my bonnie lass,

So deep in love am I;

And I will love thee still, my dear,

Till a’ the seas gang dry.

Till a’ the seas gang dry, my dear,

And the rocks melt wi’ the sun:

And I will love thee still, my dear,

While the sands o’ life shall run.

And fare thee weel, my only love

And fare thee weel, a while!

And I will come again, my love,

Tho’ it were ten thousand mile.

(7) Conflicts

(8) River Styx

     River Styx Cheron

(9) Penelope

    In Homer's Odyssey, Penelope is the faithful wife ofOdysseus, who keeps her suitors at bay in his long absence and is eventually reunited with him.


a. Penelope and the Suitors

Western Literature(Week 6 ) 單字筆記

Topic : The Odyssey

 — end
 — en
1. depend (v.)

/dɪˋpɛnd/to be influenced or determined by something else
All of this depends on how the test is constructed.
2. soften (v.)

/ˋsɔfn/

to become gentle, or to make something less forceful or loud

He made an effort to soften his tone.
3.glisten (v.)

 /ˋglɪsn/ 

to shine brightly

His eyes glistened with tears.

4. listen (v.)
/ˋlɪsn/
to give attention to something you can hear or to a person who is speaking

Can you really listen to music while you do your homework?

5.raven
/ˋrævn/
a large, black bird that is bigger than a crow

Western Literature(Week 6 ) 上課筆記

Topic : The Odyssey

1. Before the formal class

(1)midtern
a. mutiple choice
b. table of god
c. term of nation
d. ID
e. essay

2. homeric epithet
    Usually called an epithet or an Homeric epithet, but sometimes called an Homeric epitaph, it is one of the most noticeable features of Homer's Iliad and Odyssey. It is a tag or nickname that can be used on its own or together with the real name, depending on other features of the Greek language.

ex. swift footed  → Achilles

3.Textbook

(1)希臘軍隊 Argives = Achaeans
(2) dear friends = Patroclus (p.196)

(3) Peleus' son = Achilles

     mortal = Priam (p.197)

(4)North Atlantic Treaty Organization ( NATO )

(5) your father = Peleus 

     The god of War = Marks

     the only one = Hector (P.199)

3.After class ...

1. blog
2.The immortals (眾神表)

Western Literature(Week 5 ) 單字筆記

Topic : The Odyssey

1. audi —

a. audience (n.)
/ˋɔdɪəns/
the people, considered as a group, who watch or listen to a performance, movie, public event, etc., either together in one place or separately.

The magazine is trying to reach a younger audience.

b. audio (adj.)
/ˋɔdɪ͵o/
of or involving sound and the recording and broadcasting of sound

We lost the audio portion of the TV broadcast.

2. dia —

a. dialect (n. / adj.)

/ˋdaɪəlɛkt/
a form of a language that is spoken in a particular part of a country or by a particular group of people and that contains some words, grammar, or pronunciations that are different from the forms used in other parts or by other groups

b. diameter (n.)/daɪˋæmətɚ/
he distance from one side to the opposite side of a circle, measured by a line passing through the center of the circle

We need a pipe with a diameter of about six inches.

3. — meter

a. thermometer (n.)
/θɚˋmɑmətɚ/
a device used for measuring temperature, esp. of the air or in a person’s body

b. hydrometer  (n.)
/haɪˋdrɑmɪtɚ/
a piece of equipment used to measure the density of liquids, especially a long glass tube, closed and with a weightat one end so that it floats vertically

4. de — 

a. deficient (adj.)
/dɪˋfɪʃənt/
lacking or not good enough

A diet that is deficient in protein is harmful to children.

b. sufficient (adj.)
/səˋfɪʃənt/
enough for a particular purpose

The company did not have sufficient funds to pay for the goods it had received.

5. dis —

a. disadvantage
/͵dɪsədˋvæntɪdʒ/
something that makes a successful result less likely, esp. less likely for you than it is for others

There are disadvantages to living in a rural area.

b. dislike (v.)
/dɪsˋlaɪk/
to not like; to find someone or something unpleasant, difficult, etc.

I dislike the idea of leaving him home alone all evening.

6. — eum
    — ium

a. museum (n.)
/mjuˋzɪəm/
a building where people can go to view works of art or objects of interest to science or history

It is an art/science/natural history museum.

b. equilibrium (n.)
/͵ikwəˋlɪbrɪəm/
a state of balance

He devised a mathematical method to prove the existence of equilibrium among prices, production, and consumer demand.

Western Literature(Week 5 ) 上課筆記

Topic : The Odyssey

1. introduction (The ancient world )

(1) dialectic method

(2) monotheistic

mono = one

the = god

Atheist

(3)The chosen

Hebrew自稱 (意:被上帝選中代替世人受苦受難)

(4) Babylon

    Babylon was a Semitic Akkadian city-stateof ancient Mesopotamia, the remains of which are found in present-day Hillah, Babil Governorate, Iraq, about 85 kilometressouth of Baghdad.

(5)Macedonia or Macedon was an ancient Greek kingdom.

(6)Athena is named after its patron goddess.

(7)Ancient Greeks considered their gods arbitray and capricious toward humans.

(8)Millennium
    A millennium (plural millennia) is a period of time equal to 1000 years. It derives from the Latin mille, thousand, andannus, year. It is often, but not necessarily, related to a particular dating system.

(9)Latin literature

    Latin literature includes the essays, histories, poems, plays, and other writings written in the Latin language. Latin literature was in many ways a continuation of Greek literature, using many of the same forms.Latin was the language of the ancient Romans.

(10) Augustus → Octavius 

Octopus has eight legs. (Oct 有8的意思)

    Augustuswas the founder of the Roman Empire and its first Emperor, ruling from 27 BC until his death in 14 AD.

(11) Carthage

    Carthageis a suburb of Tunis, Tunisia and was the centre of the Carthaginian Empire in antiquity. The city has existed for nearly 3,000 years, developing from a Phoenician colony of the 1st millennium BC into the capital of an ancient empire. It today has a population of 20,715 .

Western Literature(Week 4 ) 單字筆記

Topic : The Iliad

1.foreshadow (v.)
/forˋʃædo/
to act as a warning or sign of a future event

The recent outbreak of violence was foreshadowed by isolated incidents in the cityearlier this year.

2.forsake (v.)
/fɚˋsek/
to leave forever or to give up completely

I thought she might forsake ballet in favor of Irish dancing.

3.archetype (n.)
/ˋɑrkɪ͵taɪp/
the original model or a perfect example of something

4.appropriation
/ə͵proprɪˋeʃən/
an amount of money kept separate to use for a particular purpose, esp. by a government

The city council approved an appropriation of $10,000 to plant trees.

5.gladiator (n.)
/ˋglædɪ͵etɚ/
in ancient Rome, a man who fought another man or an animal as a public entertainment

6. mortician (n.)
/mɔrˋtɪʃən/
an undertaker

7.morgue (n.)
/mɔrg/
a building, or a room in a hospital, where dead bodies are kept to be examined or until buried

8. mortgage (n. )
/ˋmɔrgɪdʒ/
an agreement that allows you to borrow money from a bank or similar organization by offering something of value, esp. in order to buy a house or apartment, or the amount of money itself

They took out a $90,000 mortgage to buy the house.

9.hubris (adj.)
/ˋhjubrɪs/
an extreme and unreasonable feeling of pride and confidence in yourself

Hubris brought him down in the end.

Western Literature(Week 4 ) 上課筆記

Topic : The Iliad

1.Definition

(1)epic, genre ,in medias res , homeric epithet, golden apple ,

Judgement of Paris, To the Fairest , foreshadowing ,forsaking

(2)回答方向:

What is that?

What is that for?

What should we care?

Give an example.

2.Textbook

(1)Eris (mythology)

Eris is the Greek goddess of chaos, strife and discord.

(2)Golden Apple of Discord  (金蘋果事件)

    According to Greek mythology, the goddess Eris inscribed "to the fairest" and tossed in the midst of the feast of the gods at the wedding of Peleus and Thetis, thus sparking a vanity-fueled dispute among Hera, Athena and Aphrodite that eventually led to the Trojan War.

(3)Aphrodite

    Aphrodite is the Greekgoddess of love, beauty, pleasure, and procreation.

(4)We are only mortal. (我們只是血肉之軀)
(5)The immortals (眾神表)

    Page.106發音表

(6)Hephaestus (Lame)
    Hephaestus is the Greek god of blacksmiths, craftsmen,artisans, sculptors, metals, metallurgy, fire and volcanoes. As a smithing god, Hephaestus made all the weapons of the gods in Olympus.

(7)ID - identification

a. Please identify the name, author , title , significant of the cited 

    passage , the underlined words.

b. Textbook in page 206:
Christopher Marlowe said,
"Was this the face that launched a thousand ship ?"

(8)hubris 傲慢

a. Up in The Air (型男飛行日誌)

(9) homeric epithet
    Usually called an epithet or an Homeric epithet, but sometimes called an Homeric epitaph, it is one of the most noticeable features of Homer's Iliad and Odyssey. Epithet comes from the Greek for putting (something) on (something). It is a tag or nickname that can be used on its own or together with the real name, depending on other features of the Greek language.

(10) Briseis

    Briseis was a mythical queen in Asia Minor at the time of the Trojan War. Her character lies at the heart of a dispute between Achilles and Agamemnon that drives the plot of Homer's Iliad.

3. After class...

(1) Quiz on Page 1-12.

(2) Blog